There is only one level of competition for Anatomy and Physiology:

1. Anatomy and Physiology : Grades 6, 7, and 8.

In addition to all the general contest rules stated by North South Foundation, the following rules are applicable for the Science Olympiad Competitions.

1. The judges are in complete control of the competition and their decisions are final.
2. Contestants are responsible to bring their own pencils and erasers.
3. Contestants are seated by the badge number order from left to right.
4. One 8.5” x 11” sheet of paper that may contain information on both sides in any form and from any source along with two stand-alone non-programmable, non-graphing calculators (Class II).
5. All sheets (including question and answer sheets) should be returned at the end of the contest. It is the responsibility of the contestant to write the badge number on the answer sheet.
6. Unclear and illegible writing might be open for misinterpretation. Contestants are expected to write clearly and legibly.
7. There will NOT be any partial credits for answers. There are NO negative points for any incorrect answers. If the final answer is incorrect, zero points are awarded, and if the answer is correct, one point is given.
8. No recording of any kind is allowed - violations will lead to automatic disqualification from any Science Olympiad for three years.

Phase I (Written):

1. Each contestant is given a booklet containing 25 questions and has 30 minutes to answer them.
2. The questions may be multiple choice type or need one/a few words as answer.
3. For multiple choice type question, the contestant has to choose the best answer from the choices and transfer the letter of choice to the answer sheet. There can be only one answer that is clearly written.
4. When necessary for few questions, one/more words must be legibly written as answers.

Tiebreaker Rules:

1. To break the ties in selecting the ranks, the scheme outlined below is followed in the order given:
   • Phase I scores
   • Phase I score among questions 21-25
   • Phase I score among questions 16-20
   • Phase I score among questions 11-15
   • Phase I score among questions 1-10
   • If the above steps fail to break the tie in question, the foundation may use additional measures including date of birth to resolve the tie.

Winners and Ranks:

1. The Foundation recognizes and awards only the top 3 ranks. No monetary awards are given.

This event consists of a written test in the following subject areas

1. The anatomy of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle
• The roles of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle in the body
• Skeletal muscle fibers, different types of skeletal muscle fibers, and their functions
• Skeletal muscular contraction
• The neuromuscular junction, the role of the nervous system in muscle function, and muscle sensory systems
• Musculoskeletal interactions
• How to identify the major skeletal muscles, as well as their origins, insertions, and functions
• The effects of exercise and aging on the muscular system.
• Several homeostatic imbalances affecting the muscular system
2. The interaction of the skeletal and muscular systems to allow movement
3. Muscle fibers - the cellular and gross anatomy of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle & smooth muscle
4. Physiology of the skeletal muscle contraction system and the neuromuscular junction
5. How the skeletal muscles move bone, maintain posture, and produce heat
6. Skeletal muscle actions – origin, insertion, interactions of different muscles
7. Location and identification, including origin, insertion, and function, of the major skeletal muscles of the body listed on the 2020 Science Olympiad Major Skeletal Muscle List
8. Exercise and aging effects on the cellular and gross anatomical structures of the muscular system
9. Muscle and tendon injuries and their prevention (i.e., strains and sprains)
10. The diseases on each level from the cell to the whole person as listed: Poliomyelitis, Muscular Dystrophies, Myasthenia gravis, tetanus, myositis
11. For the skeletal system you will need to know:
• The names of the bones and their surface anatomy as shown on a diagram, X-ray, CT scan, and MRI
• The name, structure, and function of joint types and the ranges allowed by each joint
• The structure of bones in cross-sectional diagrams
• The structures and function of bones, bone marrow, and cartilage
• The development aspects of bones
• How to distinguish between types of vertebrae
• Homeostatic imbalances of the skeletal system
• The effects of exercise and aging on the skeletal system and their effects on the homeostatic imbalances of the skeletal syste
• Bones of the axial and appendicular skeleton, including the ability to label bones on a diagram and/or X-ray
• Name, structure, and function of types of joints (ball and socket joints, fibrous joints, cartilagenous joints, synovial joints, etc.), including the range of motion allowed by each type
• Name, structure, and function of the muscles and ligament attachments that surround joints
• Structure, cellular composition, and function of bones, bone marrow, and cartilage, including the ability to identify components in cross-section
• Distinguish types of spinal vertebrae (e.g., cervical, thoracic, and lumbar)
• Understanding of the following diseases at the levels from the cell to the whole body, including the radiological features of each disease: osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, fractures, disc herniation, scoliosis, anterior cruciate ligament tears, medial collateral ligament damage
• The effect of exercise on the skeletal system and the aforementioned diseases
  • Understanding of the following additional diseases: spinal stenosis, achondroplasia, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, spinal fractures, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteosarcoma
  • Salter-Harris fracture identification system

Integumentary System

The integumentary system or integument is a focus topic of the event Anatomy. The integumentary system is composed of skin, hair, nails, and glands.

Suggested Resources

1. Scioy wiki
2. Netters anatomy